Windows can have up to 4 partitions on its hard drive. The main drive we are familiar with is drive C: The Windows operating system is typically stored in the active partition, which is used to boot the computer once you physically turn it on. The 4th partition is also know as the extended partition. The only time two operating systems can be ran on two different drives is when a dual-boot occurs. A dual boot allows a user to operate two operating systems at one time, for instance Windows 7 and Windows XP on two drives. The purpose of partitioning your computer is it allows for you to distribute your files onto separate drives. For example if you have different applications, media files or data that you want to store on a different drive, partition your computer allows this. In the event a drive becomes corrupt, all of your information will not be lost. Windows offers many ways for you to optimize your computer, which comes in handy when a system failure occurs.
http://www.pcworld.com/article/185941/how_and_why_to_partition_your_hard_drive.html
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